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- Largest city of India, on the river Hooghly,
- the westernmost mouth of the river Ganges,
- some 130 km/80 mi N of the Bay of Bengal. It
- is the capital of West Bengal; population
- (1981) 9,166,000. It is chiefly a commercial
- and industrial centre (engineering,
- shipbuilding, jute, and other textiles).
- Calcutta was the seat of government of
- British India 1773-1912. Buildings include a
- magnificent Jain temple, the palaces of
- former Indian princes; and the Law Courts and
- Government House, survivals of the British
- Raj. Across the river is Howrah, and between
- Calcutta and the sea there is a new bulk
- cargo port, Haldia, which is the focus of oil
- refineries, petrochemical plants, and
- fertilizer factories. There is a fine museum;
- educational institutions include the
- University of Calcutta (1857), oldest of
- several universities; the Visva Bharati at
- Santiniketan, founded by Rabindranath Tagore;
- and the Bose Research Institute. history
- Calcutta was founded 1686-90 by Job Charnock
- of the East India Company as a trading post.
- Captured by Suraj-ud-Dowlah in 1756, during
- the Anglo-French wars in India, in 1757 it
- was retaken by Robert Clive.
-